Should I be Hiring Independent or Agency Represented Models?

Thanks to the rise in digital photography and its incredibly low barrier to entry in recent years, there are now more photographers out there than ever before, and more and more of us are keen to use our shiny new cameras to photograph models. As a result, the basic laws of supply-and-demand mean that there are also now more models available to be photographed than ever before too. But should you be photographing independent models or agency represented models?

A couple of weeks ago I posted the first article in this mini-series on working with models and I described the break down of the model industry and what we as photographers need to know regarding it. If you missed it then here's the link 'The Modelling Industry - What Photographers Need to Know'. In the article I describe the basic structure of the modelling industry and although there are many genres within these, the key differences between the models that you'll be working with right now are whether they are represented by a modelling agency or if they are independently represented.

What are the key differences between agency represented models & independently represented models?

First off, let's break down some of the factors and take a closer look at what's involved with being an agency model or being independent. Explained simply; agency models have an agent that finds them work and then takes a cut of the fee for finding them that job. Independent models work for themselves as freelancers and they are responsible for finding all their own jobs, but they get to keep all of the money from it.

You may not feel that this information is relevant to you as a photographer at this stage but I believe it highlights certain characteristics that motivates and drives each of the two model demographics we're referring too.

Agency Models

If they're good, reliable, and catch a break with the right client they can earn a awful lot of money.
They have to go where they're sent - no questions asked. They've given the agency their levels (fashion/lingerie/swimwear etc) and their restrictions are in a contract, outside of that the agency will send them where they need them. 'Be at this location, at this time, on this day, period'. This can lead to a fantastic lifestyle for some and that includes travelling the world at a moments notice for some.
They have a comp-card (mini-portfolio) at the agency that is potentially being seen by some of the top art directors and fashion houses in the land. If they want the chance of landing the next Balenciaga campaign then being with a respected modelling agency is their best bet.
Although agency models generally have to do what they're told by the agency they don't have to worry about the paperwork. If they don't want the hassle or headache of chasing down client invoices then being agency represented is a big plus.
Of course the biggest plus of being agency represented is that they let somebody else worry about finding the work. If the models on the agencies books don't get paid then they don't get paid so they're hustling for you. This is unfortunately not as easy it sounds, because being with an agency involves a lot castings that inevitably bear very little fruit. There are some models who are really good at 'modelling' and their 'look' is 'on-trend' so they are always busy and as a result make a lot of money from it. For others, being with an agency can be a constant waiting game where they have several part-time jobs where you just sit by the phone hoping to catch a break whist somebody else manages your career. This is not modelling so maybe getting out there and hustling for yourself would be more fruitful.

Independent Models

They keep their own schedule - They choose which days they work.
They keep all of the money from their shoots - No agency cut.
They choose their clients and who they work with.
They don't have to be sent to and attend five castings a day all over the city.
They dictate how much they're worth.
Independent models are unlikely to be involved in any 'big name' campaigns.
They have to manage all of their own paperwork and timekeeping.
They are responsible if they let somebody down - Their face is their brand, nobody else can take the blame but them.
They gotta hustle! Nobody else is going to get them modelling jobs but them, they have to be the master of their own business and that includes countless model profiles around the web, a constant social media presence and a perpetually spotless work ethic.

That should give you a brief overview of what the models in each of those demographics are up against. Again, if you're wondering how that information relates to you as a photographer, I would say that it speaks volumes to understand what motivates them as individuals and if that aligns with your specific goals and projects as well. Like anything, it's about managing expectations so don't be surprised if an agency model is less than enthused about your black and white lighting test (apparently that happens) if she's got a Prada campaign shoot the next day. I know that's a sweeping statement but I am being realistic and I want you to be too.

Half of the models above are agency represented and half are independently represented by themselves. The myth that agency represented models are 'better' simply isn't true, there is merely the right model for the right job based on what you and you… — Half of the models above are agency represented and half are independently represented by themselves. The myth that agency represented models are 'better' simply isn't true, there is merely the right model for the right job based on what you and your project is looking for.

As a Photographer, Should I use an Agency Model or an Independent Model?

This is an almost impossible question to answer but I will try and break down some of the key factors I've seen from each side of the coin and try to help explain which might be best for your particular needs. Above I mentioned what the two types of models are up against in their industry, there certainly isn't in my opinion a clear-cut solution for them in whether to be agency represented or to be independent, just as there isn't a clear-cut answer to which type of models we should be using either.

But seeing as the title of this article suggests that there is an answer I will aim to provide some things to think about to help aid you in your decision. The following statements are going to be based purely on my personal experiences over the years of working with possibly hundreds of models from both agencies and independent sites. I do not by any means suggest that these sentiments fully represent each type of model and some photographers may completely disagree with what I am about to say and that's perfectly okay too.

'If they aren't agency represented, they are't a 'real' model'

For me, choosing an independent or agency model comes down to 'what's most important to you and your project?' I've worked with both exceptional models and terrible models from both agencies as well as independents but

I'd like to start by dismissing a common myth that 'if a model isn't agency signed then they're not a real model'. In my experience this simply isn't true.

What's most important to me is great images regardless of how we get there or whether the model is independent or not so like so many other things in life, there is no best model simply the right model for the right job.

Why should I work with Independent models?

A lot of independent models can give you a huge range of poses in a very short space of time. If you're after variety of poses in your shoot then reaching out to an independent model might be a great place to start.

I have personally worked with many independent models that are incredibly focused and driven on achieving the goals of your project, but with agency models this can tend to be a little hit-and-miss. An independent model is her own brand, if she turns up late, is hung-over, ill prepared and so on, that ONLY looks bad on her. There is literally nobody else she can blame and that will negatively affect her reputation in our industry very quickly. If an agency model turns up late, moody as-all-hell, bitching and whining, that unfortunately looks bad on the agency, it's the agency that gets their heads torn off down the phone not the model. I get the impression that agency models know this too and sometimes this I-could-care-less attitude shows. They'll move onto the next job tomorrow and they can sometimes give the impression that they have no personal investment in your project or the outcome of it whatsoever. But let's be honest, should they? Modelling is a job just like any other, once you've finished one job, you move onto the next. So although you shouldn't be offended by this apathetic approach, it is certainly worth bearing in mind if your project requires a little more engagement. Conversely, it's been my experience that independent models tend to be far more engaged and keen on getting fantastic images and it seems like they are more invested in the outcome.

The other factor that I've personally found with a lot of experienced independent models is their range of poses. I know I'm generalising here but a lot of agency models can rely too heavily on their looks alone and simply not have the skills to pose with any real dynamism. I appreciate this will be a controversial statement for some but again I'm merely speaking from my experiences. A lot of the high-end fashion imagery you may be used to seeing doesn't rely on engaging posing, the beautiful model simply looks amazing and effortless and that's often enough. A lot of major fashion ads will show agency models looking effortlessly beautiful because that doesn't detract from the product they are selling. You don't look at a Gucci handbag advert and immediately concentrate on the model (this link will take you to a Google Image search page illustrating my point Gucci Handbag Advert), you're engaged with the product not the models pose and expression.

So even though all of these models are stunningly beautiful, their posing repertoire often doesn't have a lot of range. How many ways can you really look like a blank canvas and disinterested, how many shots can you get of that look. Even one of the most famous and expressive fashion models of our time Coca Rocha is often simply used for this very demure look. Take a look at what she can do in this Coca Rocha - 50 Poses in 30 Seconds video and then take a look at one of her more recent fashion editorials in Harper's Bazzar Coca Rocha in Dreamy Dresses. Granted, I'm sure there are plenty of people who use Coca for her outstanding posing ability appropriately but the point I'm eluding to here is that it's seemingly not required for a lot of agency models to know how to pose expressively and as a result they don't get asked for it as much in their fashion and advertising shoots.

When I'm at a model casting day, I might see a hundred girls. Not only do I get to meet these agency models in person but I also get to see their comp-cards (mini single sheet portfolios displaying 4-6 images). I'll make a lot of shorthand notes abo… — When I'm at a model casting day, I might see a hundred girls. Not only do I get to meet these agency models in person but I also get to see their comp-cards (mini single sheet portfolios displaying 4-6 images). I'll make a lot of shorthand notes about each of them but for my work, I'm specifically looking for a model with a variety of poses and facial expressions within those 4-6 shots and I'll often note this as 'strong poses' or 'fun poses' to give me an idea of who to call back later on.

So if my project requires effortlessly beautiful and timeless looks that don't dominate the clients brief, agency models are my first port-of-call. Independent models on the other hand have to cover a broader range of photographic clients and will often have a lot more experience with posing the absolute hell out of shoot. This is something that I personally love, so until I get the budget for a call to Ms Rocha, if I want consistently awesome poses, experienced independent models are a pretty safe bet.

Why should I work with an agency model?

Agency models can tend to have quite a specific look. If you're after that more commercial and effortless beauty look then a modelling agency is a great place to begin your search.

So apart from the beautifully demure and effortless posing we've previously discussed, why use an agency model over a independent model? It comes down to a couple of things, firstly a modelling agency will have done all the hard work for you. They've found a stunningly beautiful person and they can provide a service that means I don't have to spend weeks, firstly finding the perfect model but I also don't have to waste my time on 20 messages ensuring she's going to be there. An agency takes care of a lot of this and it simply facilitates a smoother more reliable service when your time could be better spent doing other things.

The other major plus point for modelling agencies is how they deal with model 'no-shows' (when a model simply doesn't turn up to the shoot). You're a fool if you think you're going to eliminate no-shows and it happens at even the highest advertising campaign level of modelling. There is a million and one reasons for this and I have zero interest in hearing any of them, you're either here or you're not here. That might sound cold, but remember this is a job and I am responsible for delivering a result to a deadline not a series of other peoples excuses. When shooting on a very tight deadline I would look at getting a missing team member replaced like any other fundamental piece of equipment on the shoot. Quickly. Like I say you're never going to eliminate these no-shows when you predominantly work with young people (yes, you can put your pitchforks down, I know any age person can no-show but young people seem to have more reasons than most to not be there).

No-shows happen from both independent models and agency models so I'm not insinuating that either is more reliable than the other but when an agency model lets you down you don't waste your breath calling the model, you call the agency. I've had these no-shows happen a few times in the past and I've had to call the agency to get it fixed. Like I said, I'm not interested in why somebody isn't here, I'm interested in making sure somebody is here. I honestly don't want to know how the agency do it, but they often get a replacement model of a suitable standard out to me, on set, usually within a couple of hours. Like I say I don't wanna know how they, threatened, bribed or bought this result but before you know it, they've loaded up the 'model-cannon' and fired across a fresh model to stand in as a replacement.

It's a service like this that you're happy to pay for. We all know it's going to happen so when a no-show does occur that agency moves heaven and earth to fix it. If you've got a 40k shoot in progress you're not gonna call it off on account that 'Susan' was out until 4am "snapchatting" her 149,000 followers of her dancing on the bar! *facepalm* 'Big shock she no-showed this morning!' The show must go on and an agency will definitely do everything in their power to facilitate this.

Whilst we're on this subject, I'll just say that personally, on a big commercial job I will nearly only ever work with agency models. Not because I believe they're better models but because I know their agency has a good reputation for 'putting out fires' that their girls start. If the job really counts, I just won't take the chance on an independent model I don't know. Again that's nothing personal to them, they genuinely may have come down with cholera overnight but they don't have the agency behind them to sort out a replacement. If I've worked with an independent model before during a test shoot and I have a good relationship with them then yes, I'll certainly work with them on a commercial job but that trust has to be built first.

What's most important to you and your project?

Again I'll ask you 'what's most important to you and your project?' I'll be honest, I'm a professional photographer and my goal is to get the best possible image I can regardless of how we get there (granted, not a great mission statement). If an agency model turns up and demands chamomile tea in a china cup, complains about the room temperature being too cold even though 20 other people are fine with it and rolls her eyes at everything I ask her do, I'm frankly fine with it. If she's giving me the full-diva, that's fine just as long as she's giving me KILLER images.

Would it make my life easier if she was acting like a civil human being? Yes of course it would, but I'd take her tantrums and outstanding poses over a model who wants to be my best friend but looks like a limp fish in my photos any day.

You have to ask yourself what's more important to you. If you're chilling out at the weekends and want to have a bit of fun shooting some photo projects on your days off then no, you don't want or have the time for rude and insolent people no matter how good the poses are. If on the other hand you've got a major photoshoot with client expectations on the line then suck-it-up, get the best possible pictures you can regardless of the ignorance you have to put up with to get them.

My personal choice

For me and my work, I love working with models who are very expressive with their posing. If the lighting is dynamic and engaging then I like the models pose to reflect that over a simple demure look.

Posing is a big thing for me and my images, I pride myself on creating engaging lighting that triggers a viewers response immediately. I find it hard to sell that vision to a viewer if the model within that image looks bored, stagnant and staged. That really doesn't match the lighting around them. But that's just me. Remember that the fashion world is crying out for the next big 'resting-bitch-face' shot in black and white plonked in front of a daylight window. So many agency models excel at this look whereas others fall short and although I joke (kinda), that look is a skill but it's often not accompanied by many other looks in my experience. For a lot of my work I will after the hungry, engaged and often more experienced independent models to give me the image I want. Often these crazy expressions and poses come from more experienced, confident and often a little older models. Many models don't make it in an agency past their mid twenties so again finding what I'm looking for at an agency isn't always as straight forward as it might seem.

But again this is just me, you might be focused hard on the pure fashion route where the agency models are the industry standard. This is what the industry expects and you really can't take a bad picture of them when the more classic and effortless posing is required. Sometimes you may even come across situations where the client or magazine insists on an agency model being used. This again is that industry fear and misbelief that agency models are always better but I've certainly used independent models on those projects where I'm not supposed to because I believed otherwise. The magazines and clients have always loved the results and that's what counts (although they should have spotted my slightly unbelievable make-believe agency in the shoot credits called 'South End Unicorns'). If you think you have the right look for South End Unicorns let me know ;)

In conclusion

I will reiterate once again, I am generalising here when I speak about posing ability and no-shows but this is based on my own experiences. Most agency models are fine and do what's being asked of them without incident. It just seems that the hit-rate of keen, enthused and passionate models comes from the ones who are out there hustling for themselves and are relying on their own hard work to get fed.

If you have the time to look and do the research then there are plenty of outstanding models out there who aren't represented by agencies. They will often work their damnedest to help you achieve your vision as they know their reputation is invaluable to them. If you're pressed for time, have a major shoot booked and an expensive location already paid for, with gowns freshly hired, you are going to NEED a model to be there. An agency can often ensure the shoot goes ahead by making sure you have a model to work with even if the original model doesn't show up.

I certainly wish you luck with all of the models you decide to work with on your future shoots whether they be independent or agency represented :)

Thank you very much indeed for reading this far, I know this was a VERY text-heavy post but I felt it was a worthwhile article to put together because I hear so many stories about agency models vs. independent models and I just wanted to share my experiences of dealing with the modelling industry so far. As always, I'd love to hear your thoughts and if you agree or disagree with what I'm saying then please feel free to let me know your own personal experiences with independent and agency represented models. Also if you have any questions, please feel free to fire away :)

The final article of this three part mini-series on working with models will be out in a few weeks. This last article will focus on 'How to initiate contact with a model and book them'. I'm currently in the process of asking a huge range of models on their advice for us as photographers rather than me passing on any bad habits. It's shaping up to be an interesting piece so if you'd like to be informed when that's out then simply sign up to my mailing list via my Free Tips page.

:WARNING: If you've read down this far, you've earned yourself some retail therapy below!

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Finally - A Good News Copyright Infringement Story!

It's rare that I get the opportunity to combine the words 'good news' and 'copyright infringement' in the same article but I thought today I'd take the opportunity to do so.

Stolen image taken by myself a few years ago of the model Amber Tutton.

At the weekend Instagram user @darrenna_photo tagged me on a New York 'Commercial Retoucher and Image Editor' profile on Instagram calling himself @double_dodge. I headed over to check the image I'd been tagged in only to find a very popular image of mine being used in this double_dodge's retouching portfolio.

At first I just assumed somebody had shared my shot on one of those many image farms with no credits. Obviously this isn't ideal and although it happens a lot, it is still an illegal use of my image but unfortunately these many minor infractions still are't worth my time to report every single one of them. So although at this stage I thought it might have been a simple re-share without credit I decided to scroll through the image comments to see what was being said of the shot.

Getting caught in an outright lie like this is slam-dunk case!

I scrolled through the usual comments of 'this is cool', 'great' etc but then I came across a guy called @gifted_mindset who asked double_dodge the question,

'You did this retouch?'

I think you'll agree that's hardly a very ambiguous question and should quite clearly get a straight answer, stupidly though, double_dodge responded with,

'@gifted_mindset Yes it's all my work. If you are interested in me, you can write to me at Direct. We will discuss the conditions.'

I'll just point out at this stage that I subsequently spoke to @gifted_mindset afterwards who, understandably then assumed from double_dodge that he had retouched my file for me. This is certainly not uncommon and although I never use an external retoucher myself it's totally understandable for gifted_mindset to not peruse his suspicions of image theft any further based on what double_dodge replied with.

So coming back to this image clearly not simply being a re-share; bot factories randomly re-sharing images from Pinterest is one thing but an actual human using my image to promote themselves directly and touting for work directly off of it is something quite different entirely.

Unfortunately, this isn't the first time I've had work stolen and used in this way on Instagram and in the past I've taken the official route of 'reporting' an image under the terms of 'Intellectual Property Violation'. This is a 'simple' ten step process that seems to accuse you of wasting their time more than assist you in getting your image removed.

Your 'quick and simple' 10 step guide to reporting 'Intellectual Property Violation' on Instagram.

Once you've signed your life away via that program stating your phone number, your home address and you signed saying that you understand you could loose access to your account and threatened with liable for damages should you be found to be the fraudulent one, you'll receive an email from Mr Instagram stating everything again and giving you a handy reference number. Mine was 'Intellectual Property Report #1677600095879382'

I seriously hope that's a randomly generated number! Please tell me there hasn't been that many Intellectual Property Reports cases filed! PLEASE!

Anybody remember that scene at the end of the Beetlejuice where he takes a number!

Unfortunately this process ultimately results in a bit and back and forth and then maybe the image gets taken down but it can take weeks.

My post on my Instagram page as soon as I found out he'd stolen the shot.

Frankly I couldn't be bothered to go through all that again so I decided to take matters into my own hands. One way to go is to send the guy a message asking him to remove the image. This has resulted in no joy in the past and usually you simply get an immediate ban from the page if you're lucky. In other cases I've had night clubs steal my shots to promote club nights and then when asked to remove the shot they proceed to openly take the pi** in the comments section of the shot stating that there is nothing I can do and to go away and 'get a life!'

Ain't copyright infringement fun?!

No, this time I decided to take it into my own hands by outwardly posting his thieving actions on my Instagram profile and asking you guys to go to work on berating his thieving actions on his own profile.

The results of your actions was nothing short of outstanding! :D

In less than eight hours you guys managed to get him to remove the shot which is amazing considering how long the official channels take. I managed to grab a few screen shots of the comments you all left on the image before he removed it and some of them are frankly hilarious (if not a little scary - you know who you are ;) ).

Be warned, strong language is a staple in the following images. Just to set the tone I think @dan_shortt wins the award for keeping it simple with the comment that gets straight to the point, 'Eat a d*ck scumbag'!

*Clicking on the images below will enlarge them...

You guys freaking rock!

Thank you so much for your support in this and I hope that if enough people get on his case he'll have to remove his account because to my knowledge a lot of those images on his profile are definitely NOT his.

As of Tuesday April 25th 2017, double_dodge's account is still active and operating under the guise of being a New York retoucher with a profile that could potentially be comprised of all stolen images. I am throwing that accusation around lightly, I know for a fact that there are at least five other photographers work on there that I know of so if you'd like to check to see if yours is among them then please do so at https://www.instagram.com/double_dodge/

So once again, thank you guys, it really was quite humbling to see so many of you step up like that when needed and it really does show you that we can make a difference when we need to expose these idiots who think they can not only steal our work but profit from it as well.

Lastly, I'll just add that it's a shame that this slightly uncouth and heavy handed approach is so much more effective than the official one especially when you consider how quick companies like Instagram and Facebook our when it comes to removing pictures that even hint at the sight of a nipple. I wouldn't have had to resort to this public beasting had the official route of getting stolen images removed proved itself even slightly effective in the past. Let's hope this can be improved in the future although I did love reading all of your comments ;)

If you'd like to check out my Instagram profile for yourself then please take a look via following link https://www.instagram.com/jakehicksphotography/ on there I post some of the ideas and projects I'm working more than the finished images I share on here and on Facebook.

:WARNING: Sales stuffs below...

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The Three Levels of Sharpening you Should be Applying in Photoshop - Detail, Global & Local

I thought that seeing as I have a Post-Producition Workshop fast approaching, I needed a blatant excuse to promote it via an article on my site :D Well here it is, a look at some of the sharpening techniques I use in Photoshop to give my images a little visual-pop before I publish them.

What actually is image sharpening?

This is Lightroom's default sharpening settings as soon as you import your files. You can see that even the default setting adds a little sharpening to our shots immediately upon import.

Sharpening is one of those odd processes that we all do with our images even if we're not aware of it. In fact even the default import settings on a lot of raw processing software sharpens the images for us before we even look at them. Most of us don't actually change that default setting, including myself, because let's be honest it looks better with a little sharpening to begin with. To see what I mean then next time you import a raw into Lightroom or your preferred raw converter feel free to reduce the default sharpening settings to zero see what I mean.

But even though our raw converters add a little bit of sharpening, I personally don't add any additional sharpening until I've finished nearly all of my editing in Photoshop. Sharpening should be one of the very last things you do your image for a couple of reasons.

Firstly; the amount of sharpening applied to an image should be relevant to where you want it to be displayed. For example you would obviously apply a different amount of sharpening to a file being uploaded to the web as you would a file being printed out for a billboard advert. Applying the sharpening at the end of your post-pro workflow means that you can output several different versions with varying amounts of sharpening applied based on the final usage.

Secondly; sharpening in post-pro is a synthesised process. What I mean by that is that software plays tricks on the viewers eyes to 'simulate' an image being sharper and crisper than it actually is. We obviously can't re-focus the image after the fact so we apply 'sharpening' to simulate it. During this process of our software synthesising sharpening it actually just increases the contrast of adjacent pixels thereby giving the image an overall sharper appearance. But that increase in contrast can also increase saturation in edge detail which can be a problem if you haven't finished editing your file yet.

The image on the right is simply a 300% zoom of a section of the lefthand image. In this particular shot you can see what happens when you sharpen a file, see how that increase in sharpening increases the contrast of those adjacent pixels and thereb… — The image on the right is simply a 300% zoom of a section of the lefthand image. In this particular shot you can see what happens when you sharpen a file, see how that increase in sharpening increases the contrast of those adjacent pixels and thereby the saturation. The result is often these unwanted colour artefacts like we see here.

For a more complete explanation of this principle, feel free to check out my 'Colour Toning - Why, How & When' article.

The Sharpening Trifecta

So what sharpening techniques do I use? Now that we've established that we aren't really re-focusung our image in post, we can look at sharpening as more of a series of clever tricks to simply visually improve our images. With this in mind I actually do my sharpening in three distinct stages; detail, global and local.

Detail

This is the one that most of us will apply by default and if you simply hit the 'Sharpen' filter in Photoshop this will sharpen the detail in your image. This detail sharpening is the one that is increasing edge contrast the most and is the technique we use to give our images a little visual pop. If you were only going to apply one level of sharpening then it would be this one but I apply this detail sharpening as a base and then build on it with global and local sharpening afterwards.

Global

This is a sharpening technique that I use to visually tighten up the image towards the end of an edit. The technique uses the visual illusion of sharpening but increases the edge contrast but at a far broader and softer scale. This is also a technique that is used to quickly and easily apply a dodging and burning effect by increasing the brightness of highlight areas and the darkness of shadows. Remember what I said about sharpening only being the increase of contrast in adjacent pixels? Well this global technique is what sharpening can look like when applied more broadly as this technique sharpens adjacent tonal groups.

Local

This localised sharpening technique I use is specifically targeted at visually drawing the attention of my viewers eyes where I want it. It's a heavy sharpening look but it is localised to only areas like the eyes of a subject or the jewellery in an image where that extra pop of contrast can make those items really stand out.

The Photoshop Sharpening Technique

The following steps take you through my Photoshop process exactly as I would when I'm retouching a shot. The keys and shortcuts are from a Mac so if you're a PC user some things may be a little different but very minor.

Detail

First off we will need to make a flattened duplicate of the layered Photoshop document so far. As I mentioned at the start of the article, you will have already done the skin retouching, dodging and burning etc so now we need to create a flattened version of our file so far to work from. The following step creates a single flattened layer of everything below.

Select your top layer and hold the keys:

CMD+ALT+SHIFT+E

Rename this layer 'Detail'

Now that you have your new layer we want to strip any colour information that may be present in that layer.

Remember; sharpening increases contrast in adjacent pixels and an increase in contrast is also an increase in saturation. We don't want to increase the saturation so we should strip all the colour from our image before we sharpen.

With our Detail layer selected, hold the keys

CMD+SHIFT+U

or go to: Image -> Adjustments -> Desaturate

Your detail layer should now be black and white.

Next we want to apply the sharpening so go to: Filter -> Other -> High Pass...

In the dialogue box that opens we want to select a sharpening amount that is specific to the edge detail of the chosen image. Choosing a lower amount at this stage is a good place to start and I went for 4 pixels here.

Hit OK

At the moment our image is looking pretty horrendous so we need to select a blending mode that will best display the sharpening amount that we've applied.

In the layers 'Blending mode' drop down choose something like 'Vivid Light' or 'Hard Light'.

The next step is optional and down to personal preference but you may also want to reduce the amount of layer opacity of your Detail layer. Try varying amounts of opacity and see what works for your specific image.

Global

Next up we want to apply our Global sharpening. Remember this a technique that helps tie an image together and can be a great way to add some contrast via adding darkness to the shadows and brightness to the highlights. This is a very powerful technique but caution is advised because if overdone, the image can start to look very fake and artificial very quickly so subtly is key.

We need a new layer to sharpen so with our top layer selected hold the keys

CMD+ALT+SHIFT+E

Rename this layer 'Global'.

Again we want to strip away any colour information so with our Global layer selected, hold the keys

CMD+SHIFT+U

or go to: Image -> Adjustments -> Desaturate

Your Global layer should now be black and white.

Next we want to apply the sharpening so go to: Filter -> Other -> High Pass...

In the High Pass dialogue box we now want to choose a far broader amount of sharpening. In fact we want to select such a large amount that it now no longer looks like a sharpen but more like a glow. Again this amount is based on your image but I chose 40 for this particular shot.

Hit OK

Next we will need to blend this layer just like the previous one but we will choose a more subtle blending option this time.

In the layers 'Blending mode' drop down choose something like 'Soft Light'.

At the moment the effect is probably still looking a little strong so you may want to consider reducing the amount of layer opacity to soften the look.

Local

For our last stage of sharpening we will be focusing on sharpening just certain areas of the image and masking out everything else. For a lot of images this can just be the eyes but this localised sharpening technique can also be used on jewellery and other styling items to really make them stand out if need be too.

As with the previous two stages we will need a new layer to sharpen so with our top layer selected hold the keys

CMD+ALT+SHIFT+E

Rename this layer 'Local'.

Once more we want to strip away any colour information so with our Local layer selected, hold the keys

CMD+SHIFT+U

or go to: Image -> Adjustments -> Desaturate

Your Local layer should now be black and white.

Next we want to apply the sharpening so go to: Filter -> Other -> High Pass...

This time around we are just looking at specific areas to sharpen so in the High Pass dialogue box we want to be gauging the amount we sharpen by looking solely at those features. For this image I will be looking at giving the eyes a little extra sharpening so I've chosen 8 as a good number to show that.

Hit OK

Next we will need to blend this layer just like the previous ones but we will choose quite a strong look as we will be masking out everything apart from the eyes in our next steps.

In the layers 'Blending mode' drop down choose something like 'Overlay'.

We're going to be masking this layer so we can leave the layer opacity at a 100% for now.

We want to completely hide this layer and only show certain areas so first we will mask it by either;

Holding ALT and clicking on the Mask at the bottom of the layers palette or by going to Layer -> Layer Mask -> Hide All

Your Local layer should no longer be visible and in the thumbnail in the layers palette there should be a black square next to it.

Next we want to reveal the areas we want so hit B for the brush tool and choose a large sized soft bush. Next make sure the layer mask is selected by clicking onto it and lastly, paint with white paint over the eye area with 10-20% flow until the right amount of sharpening in the eyes is revealed.

If after you've finished you feel you've gone too far then you can always reduce the layers opacity to reduce the effect further.

That is it, you're done. You can either choose to save the file as it is or continue on with any other final colour toning adjustments. If you're interested in how I colour tone my shots then please feel free to check out the article on it here 'Colour Toning in Photoshop'

Sharpening my image like this is just one small step in a long line of adjustments I make during my post-production process. If you'd like to know more about my post-pro workflow then I discuss my entire post production process from importing in Lightroom to exporting in Photoshop. Both for fast paced studio work and for my intense editorial retouching, I cover absolutely everything in my new face-to-face Post Pro Workshop. Click on the link provided to find out more Jake Hicks Photography - Post-Pro Workflow Workshop

See you there :D

As always, if you have any questions or comments about anything I've discussed in this article then please feel free to fire away in the comments below and I will be sure to answer them just as soon as I can :)

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The Modelling Industry - What Photographers Need to Know

I think it's fair to say that most photographers will at some point in their career have to work with models at least once. Whether you're a still life shooter that photographs models' hands holding a fork full of food a couple of times a year or an e-commerce shooter that works with models every single day. We all need to know how to contact a model, book a model and what to expect when working with a model.

The modelling world can be broken down into three core demographics. You have the models that operate in the major cities and work for agencies that put them forward for in-person castings, you have your standard agency represented models and you al… — The modelling world can be broken down into three core demographics. You have the models that operate in the major cities and work for agencies that put them forward for in-person castings, you have your standard agency represented models and you also have your independently represented models.

But working with models in our current industry isn't just for professional photographers anymore. The digital age of photography has meant that the barrier to entry is now almost non-existent meaning that more people than ever before are picking up a camera and getting into photography and more specifically model photography. And why not? After all if you have a creative project in mind but you don't have a creative director or producer to help organise and facilitate it then how should you go about making that project a reality?

With this new influx of photographers, there has also been a huge increase in the number of models in the industry as well. Long gone are the days where the only way to hire a model was through a modelling agency.

One of the key elements of any project may well require a model, so if you're new to the world of model photography and are unsure on how to a find a model but also the best model for your shoot, let's take a look at how the modelling industry is divided.

Before we wade in with a bunch of links and "magic-bullets" let's first get a little more understanding of the modelling world as a whole. I think it's a good idea to not only understand our own photographic industry and how it works but theirs as well as they are both perpetually entwined and one cannot exist without the other.

The Model Pyramid

The modelling industry is vast, from the top advertising campaigns down to the smaller collaborative art projects there is definitely the perfect model for every shoot. This modelling industry pyramid probably best illustrates where I see each group… — The modelling industry is vast, from the top advertising campaigns down to the smaller collaborative art projects there is definitely the perfect model for every shoot. This modelling industry pyramid probably best illustrates where I see each group sitting and its relevant size to one another.

A little knowledge can be a powerful thing so looking in the right place for the right model for your project to begin with can often ensure a smooth and productive shoot for both model and photographer.

To best explain the model world as I see it, I'm going to lay out the modelling industry in a pyramid so that we can see how the different genres or levels of models stack against one another. I think that it's also important to point out at this stage that just because a certain type model is higher up this pyramid it certainly doesn't always translate to "better" or more "successful", there is merely the right model for the right job just as there is the right photographer for the right job.

At the top we have the major advertising campaigns, the photographers that are involved in shooting these usually have models that have been chosen either by themselves or the client via an 'in-person' casting in one of the major cites. Below that we have the standard modelling agency models. Although modelling agencies provide models to the in-person castings as well, I have separated this group to illustrate some core differences. And at the base of this pyramid we have the newest and largest demographic which is the ever growing market of independently represented models.

International Advertising Campaigns and Catwalks

In-person castings for models are an unfortunate but necessary evil. A room full of models patiently wait their turn to be called forward to show us their book and comp-card.

At the very top of the model pyramid we have the big commercial clients organising and booking their models through "in-person" castings. This has been happening the same way for a very long time and on a lot of these big-budget shoots there will be an incredibly thorough model casting process. Sometimes that client is looking for the next new "face" for their brand and that next new face is found through these in-person castings.

Models that attend these castings are nearly always from reputable modelling agencies so although I cover modelling agencies in general a little later, I have singled this demographic out at the top for a couple of reasons. Firstly these in-person castings only tend to happen in the big cities like London, New York, Paris etc so although a model might be agency signed and very busy, she may never attend one of these events purely based on her location. Secondly, even if you are agency signed and you live in a big city you still may never go to one of these in-person castings either. This again is simply down to that model maybe not having a "commercial look". That model may be very busy in her own right but due to the commercial nature and big budgets of these campaigns she may not have the current look an advertising client is after.

It's also worth noting here that although to us photographers catwalks aren't usually part of our remit, this same group of models and casting process applies to nearly every catwalk event that takes place too.

This in-person casting process can sometimes take days or even weeks until the perfect model is found. The art director, client or producer will invite models to a chosen location like a studio or office on a specific date and selected modelling agencies will send their girls over that fall under the parameters they've been given by their client for the specific project. It's also worth mentioning here that quite often the photographer is not involved at this stage and you may well only be brought in after this casting process has taken place.

On the day of the casting a constant stream of models will arrive and you will assess whether they are "right" for what you're after. I've been involved with several of these castings with art directors and clients in the past and they aren't overly nice experiences in my opinion. Yes there are some people in the fashion world that seemingly live for these casting days but it certainly isn't something I personally enjoy or look forward to. You have a huge number of models to see and you have very little time to make your judgement on them. The minuscule amount of time you do get to spend on vetting each model is nothing personal to them, it's just business and you might see over 100 girls a day so time is painfully limited. As a result there's very little chance for the individual model to shine beyond their portfolio and comp-card (more on comp-cards later) and often the art director won't know what he's looking for until he sees it.

When you as the photographer may see over 100 girls at an in-person casting, it's imperative that you keep notes on all the models you've seen. The specific elements you're looking for may vary from shoot to shoot but here I'm making notes of on whe… — When you as the photographer may see over 100 girls at an in-person casting, it's imperative that you keep notes on all the models you've seen. The specific elements you're looking for may vary from shoot to shoot but here I'm making notes of on whether I think the model can pose or not from looking at her book. As harsh as it may sound I'm also making notes on what I fear may be an issue feature wise with certain head shot poses too and a lot of this is written in shorthand code like you see here with the circles, dots, stars etc. This code means something to me that I might not necessarily want the model to see. I'm sure every photographer is different and although I've never actually seen another photographer at one of these castings I assume they all have their own way of keeping track of things. Making notes on each of the models comp-cards is another way to go but that can get cumbersome to cart around.

The process works like this; you or the art director will beckon the model forward, she'll present her comp-card, you skim through her book and then if they're even remotely suitable you take a Polaroid of the model. They aren't actually Polaroids anymore but it's a term that is still used. You simply photograph your model against a white wall or sheet with simple lighting for reference. This is ever more important now as you the photographer or the client have no real idea how much post-production has gone with the comp-card images or in their portfolio. This raw shot that you've taken will give you a far better understanding of how the model actually looks when you're making your final decisions later on.

If you or the client are particularly impressed by a model during the casting then we'll often ask to shoot a "Polaroid" of them before they leave the casting. The picture isn't actually a Polaroid anymore but instead it's a simple raw shot of … — If you or the client are particularly impressed by a model during the casting then we'll often ask to shoot a "Polaroid" of them before they leave the casting. The picture isn't actually a Polaroid anymore but instead it's a simple raw shot of them that we know hasn't received any retouching or post production.

I know for a lot of models that this type of casting is the worst part of the job and as a rule they only normally happen in the bigger cities. A model might be sent all over London by her agency and do 3 - 5 castings a day, she might have travelled across the entire city, sat patiently for hours waiting to be looked at for 30 seconds with the only word she hears being "next". That's just the way it's been for a very long time and although it's a seemingly cold experience it is often the most efficient way of finding the perfect person for your campaign in the shortest time possible.

The Modelling Agency

Below these major ad campaigns you have the individual shooters and studios that will contact a modelling agency directly to fulfill the needs of smaller shoots. Although in-person castings still happen on these shoots they generally don't have the budgets to personally meet and vet each model before shoot day. These shoots can range from individual adverts, look-books and even hair competitions and promos. The photographer or art-director will contact the agency ask them for 'comp cards' of the models on their books within their desired parameters.

A model comp-card is simply a selection of commercial looking images of your chosen model with her physical stats clearly displayed. Your modelling agency will easily be able to send you a range of these comp-cards within the chosen parameters you h… — A model comp-card is simply a selection of commercial looking images of your chosen model with her physical stats clearly displayed. Your modelling agency will easily be able to send you a range of these comp-cards within the chosen parameters you have stipulated. Model Josefine above is represented by Jera Models Creative

Model comp-cards are generally 5-6 images showing the individual model in a variety of shoots and her physical stats. The photographer may ask, 'please send me comp-cards for all your models that are size 8 at least 5'9" and with long blonde hair'. The agency will then send over the relevant cards and you can then choose the best model for your shoot from those. This is obviously a simplistic overview of it as photographers will often build a relationship with specific agencies and they'll generally have a good idea of what you're after based on your style and the type of work you shoot. For example, they wouldn't send you a fitness model within your given parameters if you generally shoot lingerie.

In the commercial world this is probably the largest section of the market and it covers a huge range of jobs from photographers looking to photograph 'new-faces' all the way up to incredibly specific and laser focused requirements of other shooters looking for something specific for a beauty campaign.

Model agency websites like the ones above are making it easier and easier to do the choosing of models from your home or office and a lot of them will let you select and download the images to create your own comp-cards of your chosen model. Agency … — Model agency websites like the ones above are making it easier and easier to do the choosing of models from your home or office and a lot of them will let you select and download the images to create your own comp-cards of your chosen model. Agency sites displayed above include Wilhelmina, Models 1, Select, Storm, Oxygen and Premiere Model Management.

The photographers looking for "new-faces" may be doing lighting tests or working with new team members for the first time so the models look won't be as important. They want to essentially "test" with a model that is of an agency standard. A "new-face" is a model that is new to the agency, she may be very young and inexperienced or she may simply have just been "discovered" and has no images for her comp-card yet. The model and modelling agency get new and updated images for their comp-card and the photographer gets to test out his lighting or team with a professional model for free. As a result you don't get a huge amount of choice in these models and it's generally just the newest girl on the agencies books.

Looking at the complete opposite end of this spectrum you have the photographers who shoot makeup and beauty campaigns who are looking for a very specific look and facial features. Their requirements will often be incredibly stringent down to eye shape and colour, hair length and colour and face shape and ethnicity. Each of the models submitted by the agency will have to fall under these rigid requirements to even be considered for the job. Modelling agencies make this process a lot easier, especially if they have a lot of models on their books. You give them the exact thing you're looking for and they can give you a list of models that fulfil this criteria very quickly without you having to waste days searching for the perfect one yourself.

As our industry gets bigger and bigger so does the potential for finding the perfect look. As a result more and more modelling agencies are popping up that are in themselves already focused on one niche of the industry. You have agencies that are solely for older models, tattooed models, hair models and etc. so it now makes it even easier for photographers to find exactly what they're looking for via the modelling agency route.

Models that Represent Themselves

A lot of models who choose to represent themselves will have modelling profiles on several creative networking sites like this one; Model Mayhem. By signing yourself up here a photographer can quickly and easily search for models that are not only r… — A lot of models who choose to represent themselves will have modelling profiles on several creative networking sites like this one; Model Mayhem. By signing yourself up here a photographer can quickly and easily search for models that are not only right for the project but also that are geographically close by.

Further down the pyramid of models you have the models that aren't represented officially by modelling agencies at all. I think it's this demographic of independent models that has seen the biggest changes in recent years. Before it used to be seen as being impossible to be a professional model if you weren't with a reputable modelling agency but that perception has changed dramatically.

There are now, more than ever, a lot of very successful models out there that are not currently under the wing of a modelling agency and that in my opinion is a good thing. First off let me clarify what I mean by "successful" as that means different things to different people. When I say successful model I mean that they are very busy and making a decent income for themselves without the help of an agent. If keeping your own schedule, being your own boss and making a decent pay packet is whats important to you as a model then this is definitely a viable option. On the other hand if success to you as a model is being involved in big name ad campaigns no matter the sacrifice to get there, then being a freelance model isn't the best route for you. Big ad campaigns only get their models from reputable modelling agencies so don't expect to be in Prada's next ad if you're a freelance model.

Some of these models who represent themselves are in fact models that for whatever reason cannot get agency representation. A lot of the time this is simply down to nothing more than height, a lot of agencies will only even consider a potential female model if she's between 5'8" and 5'11". If you're outside of that then it becomes increasing difficult for them to find work for you. This height issue isn't always the case though so models shouldn't loose heart and with enough hustle anything is possible. Remember Kate Moss was famously only 5'6".

So for these models who, through the lottery of birth can't get agency represented but still want to model they decide to go it alone and become an independent model. At the moment there is a huge market for slightly shorter models in hair photography too. Those shoots don't require a heavy focus on fashion nor do they require full body shots so there are some incredibly successful shorter models who do incredibly well in the hair scene. I've worked on a lot of very big hair shoots where we photographed both agency represented models as well as independent models in the same campaign.

But it's not only models that can't get agency representation that are choosing the independent route now. I know of several models who although have been approached by agencies still choose to go it alone. There's several reasons for this choice and although it may be a little more work it can certainly give them the independence to pick and choose their jobs whilst not having to sacrifice a cut of their pay to the agency.

But for a model to be a successful independent model at this level it takes a lot of hard work. They have to run and maintain a website and more importantly a very intense online presence in general. Successful models at this level will be dominating every modern digital portal available to them. They'll be on nearly all the social media sites with their personal modelling profile and they will often have model accounts on multiple creative networking platforms like Model Mayhem, Purple Port etc where they are advertising their ability.

One of the biggest creative networking sites here in the U.K. (and gaining more and more traction across Europe) is a site called Purple Port. They essentially took the bare bones of what Model Mayhem are doing for the U.S but updated it to the… — One of the biggest creative networking sites here in the U.K. (and gaining more and more traction across Europe) is a site called Purple Port. They essentially took the bare bones of what Model Mayhem are doing for the U.S but updated it to the 21st Century. They not only allow creatives to find one another but to also create a community where models, photographers and other creatives can share and discuss ideas in a more user friendly environment. If you're an independent model working for yourself then sites like this can be invaluable.

It's this demographic of models that is huge and rightly so because it's a simple case of supply and demand. There are more photographers than ever before that are starting out in photography and they often don't want or need to deal with big modelling agencies for a creative project they want to try at the weekend. This is where the independently represented model can step in and provide an alternative.

Useful Links

For a deeper look at both agency models and independent models here are a few links to get you started:

A brief list of the top London modelling agencies:

A few creative networking sites to find an independent model near you:

Closing Thoughts

The modelling pyramid I've just described is my interpretation of the modelling industry as it relates to us as photographers. I'm sure there are many smaller groups within these but the core modelling demographic falls between models either being agency represented or independent models representing themselves.

I also want to stipulate once again that just because a model and their role is situated higher up this pyramid it does not necessarily mean that they are actually "better".

Remember; there is no "better model", there is simply the right model for the right job.

In a follow up article I will be discussing which model is best for you as a photographer. Should you be working with agency models to get ahead? Just because agency models are expensive, does it mean they're better? Does your portfolio need to contain images of only agency represented models? These are just some of the questions I hear all the time and I'd like to address some of these in my next article and discuss some of our industries biggest myths and perceptions surrounding models.

As always, if you have any questions or anything to add to this then I'd love to hear your thoughts.

If you'd like to be kept updated regarding my future articles then please feel free to sign up to my mailing list where I will send you a monthly newsletter containing all of the previous months photography related tips, techniques and articles. Plus signing up now entitles you to a free 10 page pdf of my top ten quick tips. Monthly Newsletter Sign-up

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Using Household Items to Create Stunning Foreground Bokeh

With some simple household items you can get some really interesting and creative looks.

We all love to spend money on the latest and greatest photo gear, whether it be a $120 reflector with a hole in it (I'm just jealous I didn't market this myself haha ;) ), or a $500 tube with LED's inside! We love to spend money on our passion. But sometimes, you can create some fantastic looking shots for next to no money at all. I present to you, the wonders of the humble cling film!

The Look

The principles of the technique are that you place the cling film in front of the camera at such a distance as to create bokeh in the foreground of the shot. In my opinion this creates a really interesting look because the effect is twofold, firstly the bokeh in the foreground always looks interesting but you're also creating a lot of interest in your image for your viewers eyes to be drawn to. This is always a goal of mine when creating images; 'how can I hold my viewers attention a fraction of second longer?' If your viewers eyes have to work a little harder to absorb a photo then you've caught them.

The cling film produces the bokeh by catching the carefully placed lights that you've positioned either side of the model pointing back to camera. Another key point here is that you'll need a fairly fast lens, this is a lens that has an aperture of around f2.8 or wider. In these setups I used a cheap 85mm prime lens that you can pick up for around $150/$200. Having this fast lens is crucial to getting the look to work and if you don't already have a 'nifty-fifty' or fast 85mm prime then I highly recommend you get one as it can open up a lot of different creative opportunities.

I'll also add that although the actual items to make the look cost next to nothing, this setup does assume you have a few bits of photographic kit already at your disposal.

What you will need:

The Basic Setup

2 lights
1 hard light modifier (grid/snoot/barndoors)
1 soft light modifier (softbox/umbrella)
1 sheet of perspex/glass
Clingfilm

This basic setup of the technique is the bare-bones of the look. If you just want to test it out or only have two lights at your disposal then this is the setup for you.

The Full Setup (What I used to create the shots in this article)

4 lights
2 hard light modifier (grid/snoot/barndoors)
1 Beauty dish (22" Silver)
1 Small softbox (90cmx90cm)
Coloured Gels
1 sheet of perspex/glass

The Setup

The Key-Light

Let's first look at the lighting setup involved. There are a couple of key factors to bear in mind with this setup not least of all the model placement in relation to your background and key light. The key light that lights the model in this setup actually lights the background as well so making sure your model is close enough to whatever she has behind her will ensure a nicely lit background too. As a guide, try to place your model halfway between your backdrop and key light. According to the inverse square law of light this will mean that your backdrop will receive 1/4 as much light as your subject resulting in a natural drop off and slightly darker background.

Attaching a gel to a softbox needn't be a massive pain. Check the 'Quick Tips' page of my site for more info.

The Fill-Light

Now that we have our key light and subject in place let's place are fill light. I simply placed a small softbox on the floor at the base of the key light stand and angled it up at my subject. I added a gel to my softbox but it's up to you as to whether you'd like to do that or not. You can see how I attach the gel to my softbox in one of my 'Quick Tips' pages section of my website. I class this fill-light as a 'subjective' light meaning that the exposure is dependant on your personal taste but as a guide I would never have it more powerful than my key light.

For my piece of glass I simply removed the glass that was in a large picture frame. Be careful though as this type of glass is often extremely sharp and fragile. If you can find some good quality perspex then that is definitely safer and a lot easie… — For my piece of glass I simply removed the glass that was in a large picture frame. Be careful though as this type of glass is often extremely sharp and fragile. If you can find some good quality perspex then that is definitely safer and a lot easier to work with.

The Foreground Element

Once we're happy with our model lighting it's now time to get our foreground element in place. This is the object that creates that foreground bokeh. For this setup I used glass but you could also use perspex just as easily. This next section comes with a word of warning. If you're going to use a large sheet of glass like I did then please be very careful not only for your own safety but for the safety of your model too.

For my sheet of glass I simply removed it from a large picture frame I had. If you're going to do the same then take extra care because framing glass doesn't have sanded edges for handling so its incredibly sharp. The sheet I had was about 23"/60cmm square so it doesn't need to be huge and you could probably get away with it being smaller if you just wanted to test it first.

Big sheets of glass can be very dangerous indeed so I would strongly recommend going down the perspex or acrylic route if possible. The quality of acrylics now is so high that there will be very negligible difference in the clarity over glass especially when you consider this will be in the foreground and completely out of focus. Perspex is also a lot easier to store so you can reuse it many times for other projects as well.

Once you have your glass/perspex it's now time to place it in the scene correctly. In the setup you'll actually see that I placed mine behind the key light and fill light and between them and the camera. The benefits of this are twofold in that not only does no unwanted light from the key and fill light fall onto the glass and cling film but it actually brings the cling film further away from your model and thereby increasing the bokeh effect. It's up to you as to how you want to support it but I simply used a few stands and clamps to support it off the ground and high enough to shoot through.

Cling film is very cheap and can be bought in nearly every supermarket and other food shops.

The cling film

Attaching the cling film to the glass is thankfully very easy (finally something easy to look forward to). I simply tore off selection of strips and placed them in arcs around the glass and around where I was going to be shooting through. You want to place the Clingfilm roughly and not completely flat because the bunches, creases, bubbles and pockets are actually the features of the Clingfilm that the light will catch on and create the bokeh. Experiment with different looks and shapes of Clingfilm later on but for now we just need a rough idea of where the Clingfilm will be on the glass so that we can place our final lights correctly.

Using hard light modifiers like grids, snoots and barn doors on the back lights are essential to achieving the bokeh effect.

The Bokeh Lights

The last major step in this setup is going to be placing the bokeh producing lights. For my setup I used two lights placed either side of the model with grids attached to them. I personally didn't want the lights to light the edge of the model in any way so that's why I put them beside her rather than behind her. I also used grids on my lights to channel the light exactly where I wanted it. The only job of these lights is to create boken on the Clingfilm, I don't want that light bouncing around or even flaring into my lens so the control of the grids provided that. You could just as easily use snoots or barn doors here too as they all control the light without modifying it too much. A key point to make here is that these bokeh lights really need to be hard lights so you have to use modifiers like grids and snoots etc, if you use a soft light modifier like a softbox then it becomes increasingly difficult to create the bokeh. This is down to the fact that hard light modifiers create strong specularity in highlights resulting in the bokeh when photographed out of focus. I actually originally tried this technique with two gridded strip softboxes and although the light is directional it simply doesn't create enough specularity and in turn produces very little in the way of bokeh.

Getting Creative

Once you have everything in place for the setup, it's now time to get creative. I played around a lot with changing the coloured gels on the bokeh lights to get different effects.

All the hard work has now been done so it's time to get creative with the look and start playing with a few ideas. One thing to consider playing with is coloured gels on the bokeh back lights. I started out with no gels to begin with, that produces a very clean look but then I played with two of the same coloured gels on the lights and then different colours on each.

Playing around with different cling film placement on the glass is going to be your next step. Cling film allows for you to play around with the shape and look of the bokeh as many times as you like.

The other major creative factor you have to play with is of course the actual cling film placement on the glass. Thankfully cling film allows you to move, remove and adjust it as many times as you like. Play with different shapes, holes, bubbles, torn edges and even leaving sections hanging loose. These will all create different looks with the bokeh and the way in which they catch the light.

The Results

Two Different Coloured Gels

The shots below show the setup with two different coloured gels on the back lights.

Click on the images above to enlarge them

Two Gels of the Same Colour

The shots below show the results from a setup where I was using two gels of the same colour.

Click on the images above to enlarge them

White Bokeh Light

The images below were taken with no coloured gels on the back lights so just white light was hitting the cling film.

Click on the images above to enlarge them

Featured model: Sammie Howe

Points to Consider

So to close out this lighting technique I'll just mention a few pointers to consider:

Always be careful when handling large sheets of glass
I shot most of these images at around f1.8 but experiment with different apertures and lenses
Don't be afraid to experiment with a variety of different shapes and looks with the cling film
Using strobes over speedlights will make life easier as the modelling bulbs of the strobes will give you a pretty good idea of what the bokeh will look like
Experiment with a variety of coloured gels and see what works with not only your models styling but also your background
It's probably a good idea to explain to the model what you're doing and showing them the back of the camera so they can see what you're trying to achieve. Failing to do so might just make you look crazy ;)

Closing Comments

So there you have it, a setup that although looks a little complicated at the four light end of things, the basic principles can still be achieved with as little as two lights. Remember the point is to create an engaging look to your portraits so make the bokeh a feature rather than the subject itself.

If you have any questions about any of this then definitely let me know in the comments below and I'll be sure to answer them as soon as I can. Good luck with the setup and I look forward to seeing your shots :D

P.S. If you need some coloured gels to try this technique you've come to right place ;) Jake Hicks Photography Coloured Gel Packs

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